Semiconductors have been China’s biggest import for the past decade. The country buys about half of the world’s supply, but produces only about 15%, according to a report by Bain & Company, representing the biggest gap in the country’s trade deficits.

“Global market share is not something that can be reliably captured through deep pockets and long patience,” said Kevin Meehan, a partner with Bain. “To close the gap, China will need to work in tandem with established international players.”